Heading Towards a Million: The Amish Population’s Soaring Growth
In the midst of our swiftly evolving world, where technology and modernity reign supreme, an unlikely community holds steadfastly to its roots. The Amish, known for their dedication to tradition and a simple way of life, are witnessing a remarkable surge in their population. This phenomenon has been unfolding over decades, showing no signs of abating. As the years roll on, a question emerges: Could the Amish population reach a staggering one million by the year 2050?
A recent comment left by Lance on a post about 1950s Amish films reignited this intriguing speculation. Reflecting on the dramatic increase in the Amish population, Lance mused about the possibility of a million Amish by 2050. It’s a tantalizing question that prompts us to examine the trajectory of this unique community.
A Million Amish: Crunching the Numbers
As we contemplate the prospect of a million Amish individuals, let’s embark on a basic mathematical journey. According to the latest data from the Young Center at Elizabethtown College in 2022, the total Amish population stands at approximately 373,620.
The Amish population’s doubling time, a pivotal factor in predicting its growth, varies from around 20.5 to 23.5 years. This doubling time corresponds to an annual growth rate ranging between 3 to 3.5 percent. However, it’s crucial to recognize that even a slight variance in growth rates can yield significant disparities over time.
Taking a conservative estimate of 22 years for doubling time, the projected Amish population could reach approximately 747,240 by 2044. Doubling this number again leads us to a staggering 1.5 million Amish individuals by 2066. This calculation indicates that the milestone of one million Amish could potentially be crossed sometime during the 2050s. Naturally, these predictions hinge on certain assumptions remaining constant.
Assumptions Underlying Amish Growth
For the scenario of a million Amish by 2050 to unfold, several assumptions must hold true.
Stability in the Face of Change: The continuity of the Amish population’s growth requires a lack of major disruptions. This implies that a substantial portion of the current Amish population would need to refrain from abandoning their traditional way of life for a more modern identity, which has occurred sporadically throughout Amish history.
Unwavering Birth Rates: It’s also essential to assume that Amish birth rates remain consistent. While certain communities have hinted at a potential decline, others have shown no such indication.
Sustained Rate of Joining: Additionally, it’s vital that the numbers of Amish youth choosing to join the church remain steady. This rate can vary significantly depending on the specific Amish group in question.
These assumptions inevitably introduce an element of uncertainty. Other factors might come into play as well, shaping the future trajectory of the Amish population.
The Amish: A Resilient Community
The Amish’s ability to adapt within their traditional framework is noteworthy. Their openness to incorporating selected technological advancements, such as agricultural innovations, reflects their practical mindset. The diversity of businesses they’ve embraced and flourished in further demonstrates their flexibility and ability to navigate change while upholding their core values.
Peering Further Ahead: A Glimpse of Possibilities
Reflecting on the question of a million Amish leads us to ponder an even more distant future. A decade ago, an individual intrigued by demographic trends shared back-of-the-envelope calculations that suggested a theoretical Amish population far into the future. Assuming a doubling every 20 years, these calculations indicated that the Amish population could hit a million sometime in the 2050s, sparking a soaring trajectory thereafter.
A recent academic study delves into a similar projection, using the spread of a “religion gene” as its basis. This study’s calculations predict a staggering seven million Amish by 2100.
While these numbers offer food for thought, it’s important to remember that predictions, especially about the future, are inherently challenging.
Imagining an 1,000,000 Amish In America
Contemplating a future with millions of Amish individuals raises fascinating possibilities. The idea of an America shaped by Amish values and traditions ignites the imagination. The potential influence of such a large community, committed to simplicity, community, and faith, invites us to envision a nation marked by a distinct blend of tradition and modernity.
Yet, as we speculate and imagine, we’re reminded of the old adage, “It’s tough to make predictions, especially about the future.” The Amish’s journey through time teaches us that change is inevitable, but their enduring commitment to tradition and community remains a beacon of resilience and adaptation. In an ever-transforming world, the Amish’s story serves as a testament to the power of continuity and the art of navigating change while staying rooted in timeless values.
The Amish community has had a long-standing history of conflicts with different levels of government regarding various issues. The book “The Amish and the State” by Don Kraybill highlights some of these disagreements that have arisen over the years. In countries like the United States and Canada, where there is a clear separation between church and state, the conflicts tend to revolve around exemptions that can be granted by courts to individuals who have religious objections to certain requirements.
One notable area of conflict is in the area of mandatory education requirements. The Amish believe that education should be primarily focused on religious teachings and practical skills that are relevant to their way of life. However, the government mandates that all children receive a certain level of education, and this has led to disagreements between the Amish and the government. There have been instances where Amish parents have been fined or even imprisoned for refusing to send their children to public schools.
Another area of conflict has been with conscription for military service. The Amish are pacifists and do not believe in participating in military activities. However, the government requires all eligible citizens to serve in the military, and this has led to conflicts with the Amish community. In some cases, Amish individuals have been required to serve jail time for refusing to participate in military activities.
Overall, the Amish community’s conflicts with the government have been centered around their religious beliefs and their desire to maintain their unique way of life. While there have been some exemptions granted to them, these conflicts continue to arise from time to time.
Navigating Tradition and Modernity: The Amish and Ohio’s Buggy Lighting Law
In a world that relentlessly pushes forward, the Amish have chosen to embrace a way of life firmly rooted in tradition. For centuries, they have thrived as a community that values simplicity, self-sufficiency, and a deep connection to their faith. Yet, as modern society advances with technological marvels and evolving regulations, the Amish find themselves at the crossroads of tradition and change. This delicate balance is particularly evident in their interactions with various levels of government, as they seek exemptions for religious objections to certain laws. One such example is the ongoing debate surrounding Ohio’s mandatory buggy lighting law, which has reignited discussions about religious freedom, road safety, and the delicate dance between tradition and modernity.
A Historic Struggle: Amish and Government Disagreements
The Amish have a long history of navigating disagreements with governments at local, state, and national levels. These conflicts often stem from clashes between their deeply-held religious beliefs and governmental mandates. In his 1993 edited book, “The Amish and the State,” Don Kraybill delves into many of these contentious issues that have arisen over the years. Countries like Canada and the United States, which prioritize the separation of church and state, have grappled with matters ranging from compulsory education to military conscription. Courts have frequently granted religious exemptions to address these conflicts.
Ohio’s Buggy Lighting Law: Tradition vs. Modern Road Safety
In 2021, Ohio thrust itself into the spotlight of this intricate interplay between tradition and modern regulations when it passed a law mandating flashing lights on the backs of horse-drawn buggies. Ohio, home to 75 Amish settlements, holds the largest Amish population in the United States. The conservative Swartzentruber Amish community, however, is resisting conformity to this law. This resistance has led to law enforcement issuing tickets and fines, escalating the situation to the point where jail time now looms over those who refuse to comply.
The clash over this law’s enforcement is a focal point of a forthcoming essay to be published in the “Journal of Plain Anabaptist Communities.” The essay, authored by Erik Wesner, Joe Donnermeyer, and Dee Jepsen, delves into the implications of this issue in the context of road safety within Ohio’s bustling traffic landscape and its growing Amish population. It’s worth noting that alongside the Amish, various horse-and-buggy Mennonite groups have also made Ohio their home.
Over the years, the Amish have demonstrated a willingness to adapt when it comes to safety measures that align with their beliefs. Ohio’s buggies have a long history of utilizing safety innovations developed in collaboration with Ohio State University’s Department of Agricultural Engineering. One noteworthy contribution was the creation of the iconic orange reflecting triangle for slow-moving vehicles (SMV), now a universally recognized safety symbol. Additionally, reflector tape was introduced to enhance buggy visibility, helping prevent accidents on public roads. This cooperative approach between Amish leaders, law enforcement, and the academic community underscores their commitment to maintaining safety while respecting their core beliefs.
The Battle for Religious Freedom: From Kentucky to Ohio
The struggle for religious freedom isn’t confined to Ohio’s buggy lighting law. In Kentucky, Swartzentruber Amish individuals faced legal troubles for their refusal to use the SMV emblem. Despite the involvement of advocates for religious freedom, the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled against the Amish’s claims, attracting national media attention. The Kentucky State Legislature ultimately intervened by introducing legislation permitting the use of silver reflector tape as an alternative to the emblem, granting the Amish a religiously-aligned compromise.
Voices from the Amish Community
The Amish community’s response to Ohio’s mandatory lighting law is multifaceted. Some disapprove of “feel good” laws passed by state legislators, while others criticize the Amish for breaking the law. There’s a recognition of reckless driving habits among non-Amish drivers, often attributed to alcohol and distracted driving. Amidst these varying opinions, there’s also hope that a solution can be reached that accommodates both road safety concerns and the Amish’s religious objections.
An Uncertain Road Ahead: Potential Outcomes
As this complex issue continues to unfold, there are several possible outcomes, each with its own implications. Swartzentruber groups may eventually conform to the law, seeking to avoid the disruptive penalties associated with non-compliance. Alternatively, state and local authorities may reconsider their strict enforcement due to negative media attention. A compromise could also be reached, allowing the use of a rectangular reflective plate as an alternative to the flashing light and the SMV emblem.
A Broader Perspective on Road Safety Challenges
While the focus remains on Ohio’s buggy lighting law, broader road safety challenges persist. The Amish, alongside other faith groups relying on horse-and-buggies, must navigate shared roads with fast-moving motor vehicles. The emergence of e-bikes and alternative means of transportation introduces additional safety considerations. The history of road safety in Ohio stretches back to 1891, when an early American automobile manufacturer’s collision with a hitching post highlighted the evolving relationship between traditional and modern transportation modes.
In the end, the ongoing dialogue surrounding Ohio’s buggy lighting law exemplifies the Amish community’s continuous efforts to uphold their cherished traditions while adapting to the demands of modern society. As the world around them advances, the Amish will undoubtedly continue to find ways to strike a balance between their deeply-rooted faith and the changing landscape of the world they inhabit. The story of the Amish and their ongoing interaction with the modern world is a testament to the enduring power of tradition and the resilience of community values.
Preserving Heritage: Tradition, Faith, and Change
The Amish’s steadfast commitment to preserving their heritage, faith, and way of life remains at the heart of their interactions with modernity. Their resistance to certain aspects of modern technology and regulations is not merely a stubborn rejection of progress but a deeply philosophical choice rooted in their religious beliefs. This choice reflects their desire to live a simpler life, prioritizing human connections, nature, and community over the rapid pace of technological advancement.
It’s important to recognize that the Amish’s approach to modernity is not one of complete isolation or rejection. They carefully evaluate each technological advancement, weighing its potential impact on their community’s values and way of life. The incorporation of safety measures, such as the reflective triangle and reflector tape, demonstrates their capacity to adopt solutions that align with their core principles while still ensuring the safety of their members.
The Quest for Harmony: Balancing Faith and Law
The case of Ohio’s buggy lighting law illuminates the intricate dance of balancing faith and law. The Amish’s commitment to their faith is unwavering, but they also acknowledge their responsibilities as citizens within a larger society. They understand the importance of adhering to laws that are not in direct conflict with their religious beliefs. However, when laws challenge their core values, the Amish assert their right to uphold their faith.
The resolution of such conflicts often requires a delicate negotiation between religious freedom and the common good. This negotiation isn’t exclusive to the Amish community—it’s a fundamental aspect of democratic societies striving to accommodate diverse beliefs while maintaining social order. The Amish’s interactions with the legal system highlight the challenges governments face in navigating these complexities.
Lessons for a Changing World
The ongoing dialogue around Ohio’s buggy lighting law holds valuable lessons for society at large. First, it underscores the significance of religious freedom in a diverse and pluralistic society. While laws are essential for maintaining order, they must also be crafted with an awareness of the diverse beliefs held by citizens. The flexibility to accommodate religious objections, as seen in the case of reflector tape as an alternative to the SMV emblem, reflects a willingness to strike a balance between government interests and individual freedoms.
Second, this debate reminds us of the importance of empathy and understanding in addressing conflicts between tradition and modernity. Both sides—those advocating for road safety and the Amish community—are driven by genuine concerns. Finding common ground requires active listening, open dialogue, and a recognition of the complexities each party faces.
Lastly, the Amish’s ability to maintain their identity and values within a rapidly changing world highlights the significance of community and shared values. While modernity offers convenience and innovation, it’s also accompanied by challenges that can lead to a sense of disconnection and alienation. The Amish’s commitment to community, tradition, and faith can serve as an inspiration for finding meaning and connection in an increasingly digital and fragmented world.
Conclusion: Tradition and Modernity in Dialogue
As the Amish and Ohio’s buggy lighting law continue to captivate our attention, it’s crucial to view this conflict within the broader context of tradition and modernity. The Amish’s steadfast commitment to their faith and values is a testament to the enduring power of tradition, even as the world around them transforms at an unprecedented pace. Their interactions with government regulations illuminate the intricate dynamics between faith, law, and individual freedoms, offering valuable insights for a society grappling with questions of diversity and coexistence.
In a world constantly racing towards the future, the Amish stand as a reminder of the importance of preserving heritage and cultivating a sense of belonging. Their willingness to adapt while maintaining their core values teaches us that the dialogue between tradition and modernity need not be one of conflict, but of mutual enrichment. As the pages of history turn, the Amish’s journey continues to be a source of inspiration, reminding us that the pursuit of harmony between tradition and change is a timeless endeavor.
Amish Apple Cheese Danish Delight is a culinary masterpiece that embodies the essence of traditional Amish baking. This delightful treat combines the sweetness of ripe apples with the rich creaminess of cheese, nestled within delicate layers of flaky Danish pastry. The Amish approach to food emphasizes simplicity and wholesome ingredients, and this pastry is no exception. Each bite unveils a harmonious blend of tart apples, subtly tangy cheese, and the satisfying buttery texture of the pastry. Whether enjoyed as a breakfast indulgence or a comforting dessert, the Amish Apple Cheese Danish Delight offers a glimpse into the heartwarming flavors and timeless traditions of Amish cooking.
Ingredients
1 sheet puff pastry thawed and placed on a lightly floured work surface
4 ounces (1/2 package) cream cheese softened to room temperature
¼ cup + 3 tablespoons honey divided; raw honey if you are able to source it
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 large egg lightly beaten
1 large apple any variety; peeled if desired; sliced in 1/4-inch-thick slices
½ small lemon juice and zest
2 tablespoons vanilla extract
6 tablespoons coarse raw sugar
Directions
Place apple slices into a microwave-safe bowl and add the juice and zest of half a lemon. Add the vanilla to the bowl. Cover the contents with cold water and microwave on high for 3 minutes.
CAREFULLY remove the bowl and drain the apple slices. Allow them cool slightly.
In a large mixing bowl using a wire whisk, cream the softened cream cheese with the 1/4 cup of the honey and the cinnamon. Combine well. Set aside.
Use a rolling pin to roll a sheet of puff pastry dough to where it’s an inch longer on the long side and an inch longer on the short side. Use a pizza cutter to cut through the dough right down the middle lengthwise. Next, cut each half into three equal thirds.
In each square of dough, use the pizza wheel to lightly score an inside square which will result in an edge all the way around.
Equally distribute and spread the cream cheese mixture inside each square and spread it from side to side, corner to corner.
Preheat your oven to 400°F and have your prepared baking sheet next to your pastry.
Transfer each of the pastry squares to the baking sheet.
Assemble between 5 and 8 slices of apple on each pastry square atop the cream cheese mixture.
Use a pastry brush to apply the lightly beaten egg wash around the ledge of each pastry square.
Sprinkle a tablespoon of raw sugar on each square, coating the ledges.
Drizzle each square lightly with the remaining 3 tablespoons of honey and place into preheated oven for 15 minutes or until golden brown.
Remove from the oven and place the baking sheet on a wire cooling rack. Cool the Danishes completely on the baking sheet.
In the heart of Belleview, Ohio, a charming town where time seems to stand still, lies a culinary gem that has been passed down through generations – Grandma Yoder’s Vintage Cabbage Rolls. This beloved Amish recipe, originating from the kitchen of a lady known as Grandma Yoder, is a testament to the power of food in preserving cultural heritage and fostering a sense of community.
The Recipe
Grandma Yoder’s Vintage Cabbage Rolls are a labor of love that showcase the essence of Amish cooking. The recipe begins with tender cabbage leaves, carefully separated and blanched to achieve just the right balance between tenderness and structure. The filling, a combination of ground beef, rice, and aromatic spices, is a blend of flavors that evoke memories of family gatherings and shared meals.
Assembling the cabbage rolls is an art form in itself. Each leaf is gently wrapped around a portion of the filling, creating neat and compact parcels that are then nestled together in a baking dish. The crowning touch is a savory tomato sauce, which infuses the rolls with a rich, tangy flavor as they bake to perfection.
Bringing the Tradition Home
For those who wish to experience a taste of Amish tradition and pay homage to Grandma Yoder’s legacy, recreating her Vintage Cabbage Rolls in their own kitchens is a heartwarming endeavor. The recipe not only offers a delicious meal but also serves as a vehicle for passing down stories and traditions to new generations.
Ingredients
Cabbage Rolls
1/2 cup cooked rice
1 cup ground beef
1 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon black pepper
1 teaspoon chili powder
1 small head of green cabbage
1 tablespoon chopped onion
Tomato Sauce
1 can V8 juice
2 teaspoons brown sugar
1 teaspoon vinegar
1/2 teaspoon salt
Directions
Combine the ground beef, rice, onion, salt, pepper and chili powder in a mixing bowl.
Cook the cabbage in boiling, salted water for 5 minutes or until the leaves are pliable. Remove the leaves.
Wrap a cabbage leaf around 1 rounded tablespoon of beef mixture.
Put the stuffed cabbage leaves into a buttered baking dish.
Stir together the V8 juice, brown sugar, vinegar and salt. Pour over the cabbage leaves to cover.
Cover the baking dish and bake in a preheated 350-degree F oven for 1 hour.
Creamy Amish Squash Casserole: A Delightful Homestyle Dish
When it comes to comfort food that warms the heart and nourishes the soul, few dishes can compare to the rich and inviting flavors of a Creamy Amish Squash Casserole. Rooted in the heart of traditional Amish cooking, this dish combines the wholesome goodness of summer squash with a velvety, decadent sauce, resulting in a harmonious marriage of flavors that has stood the test of time.
A Heritage of Nourishment: The Amish Culinary Tradition
The Amish culture is renowned for its strong emphasis on simplicity, community, and sustainability, values that are beautifully reflected in their culinary practices. Amish cuisine is characterized by the use of fresh, locally-sourced ingredients, often harvested from their own farms. The Creamy Amish Squash Casserole is a prime example of this culinary philosophy – it takes the bountiful summer harvest of squash and transforms it into a dish that celebrates both taste and nourishment.
Ingredients that Tell a Story
The Creamy Amish Squash Casserole is made using simple yet impactful ingredients. Central to the dish are the squash, usually a combination of yellow and zucchini squash. These vibrant vegetables are thinly sliced, allowing their natural sweetness to shine through when baked. The presence of squash not only contributes to the dish’s flavor but also adds a hearty dose of vitamins and fiber.
The creamy sauce that envelops the squash is where the magic truly happens. Typically made with a blend of heavy cream, eggs, and an assortment of cheeses – often cheddar or Swiss – the sauce imparts a luscious texture and a savory depth that complements the mild sweetness of the squash. A touch of garlic, onion, and seasoning adds layers of flavor that meld harmoniously in each bite.
A Taste of Tradition
The Creamy Amish Squash Casserole embodies more than just a delightful culinary experience; it offers a taste of tradition and a connection to the Amish way of life. With each bite, you’re savoring a dish that has been passed down through generations, carrying with it the warmth of family gatherings, community potlucks, and the enduring values that define Amish culture.
Whether you’re seeking a way to use up an abundance of summer squash from your garden or simply yearning for a meal that comforts and satisfies, the Creamy Amish Squash Casserole is a recipe that beckons you to slow down, gather your loved ones, and indulge in the simple pleasures of life – one delectable forkful at a time.
INGREDIENTS
2 pounds yellow summer squash sliced into 1/2 inch chunks, about 4 or 5 medium squash
2 carrots grated or chopped
1 onion small, diced
6 ounces herb stuffing mix
1 10 ounce can cream of chicken soup
1 ¼ cups sour cream
1 teaspoon dried sage
1 teaspoon dried thyme
1 teaspoon dried parsley
½ cup sweet salted butter melted
salt and pepper to taste
DIRECTIONS
Preheat the oven to 350°F.
Grease a casserole dish with butter
Bring a pot of water to a boil.
Add the sliced squash, onion and carrot. Reduce heat and continue to cook over medium heat until the squash is tender.
In a medium size bowl, mix the dry stuffing mix with the dried herbs and the melted butter. Stir well to coat.
In a large bowl, combine the cream of chicken soup and the sour cream
Drain the vegetables well. Use a potato masher to gently press any additional water from the squash
Add the vegetables to the sour cream mixture and combine.
Add the stuffing mixture to the sour cream mixture and combine.
Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler: A Taste of Tradition and Simplicity
In a world characterized by rapid changes and culinary fads, some recipes have withstood the test of time due to their timeless appeal. Among these cherished dishes is Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler, a delightful dessert that embodies the essence of simplicity and warmth. Passed down through generations, this beloved treat continues to capture hearts and taste buds with its wholesome flavors and rustic charm.
A Taste of Amish Tradition
Amish cuisine is renowned for its emphasis on simplicity, farm-fresh ingredients, and authentic preparation methods. Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler epitomizes these principles. Originating from the Amish communities of Pennsylvania and Ohio, this dessert has deep roots in the traditions of the plain folk.
Amish farmers are well-known for their commitment to organic farming and sustainable practices. Consequently, the peaches that grace Naomi’s cobbler are carefully selected at the peak of ripeness, ensuring a burst of natural sweetness in every bite. The cobbler’s crust is crafted from a blend of simple pantry staples, lovingly mixed by hand to maintain the genuine charm of this age-old delicacy.
The Perfect Balance of Flavors
What sets Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler apart is its harmonious blend of flavors. The sweet, juicy peaches combine with just the right amount of sugar to create a natural and wholesome sweetness. A touch of tanginess from a hint of lemon juice elevates the flavor profile, preventing the cobbler from becoming overly saccharine.
The buttery, crumbly topping, generously sprinkled over the peaches, adds a delightful contrast of texture. Each mouthful offers a pleasing interplay of tastes, satisfying the craving for both comfort and a touch of indulgence.
A Nostalgic Journey
Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler is more than a mere dessert; it’s a journey back in time. With every bite, one can almost feel the charm of Amish countryside life, where cooking is a cherished daily ritual, and gatherings revolve around good food and company.
This cobbler frequently graces the tables during family reunions, community potlucks, and church suppers, creating cherished memories that endure. The shared experience of savoring Naomi’s cobbler fosters a sense of togetherness, connecting generations and preserving the essence of Amish culture.
Embracing Simplicity
Amidst the complexities of modern living, Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler offers a refreshing reminder of the beauty of simplicity. In its preparation, there are no elaborate techniques or sophisticated equipment. Instead, the focus lies on the pure essence of the ingredients and the love put into its making.
The process of creating this cobbler can be almost therapeutic. Peeling the ripe peaches, kneading the dough, and assembling the layers evoke a sense of mindfulness and contentment. The act of patiently waiting as it bakes in the oven reinforces the notion that the best things in life are worth the time and effort.
Naomi’s Amish Peach Cobbler is more than just a dessert; it’s a symbol of tradition, simplicity, and the joy of shared experiences. With its natural sweetness and wholesome flavors, this cobbler encapsulates the heart and soul of Amish culture and serves as a testament to the enduring allure of traditional recipes.
Ingredients:
10 cups (approx.) peaches
2 TBSP Lemon Juice
fruit-fresh produce protector
½ cup sugar
2 tbsps butter
1 tsp vanilla
½ cup milk
1 cup flour
2 tsps baking powder
½ tsp salt
Directions:
Butter a deep dish (11.5” X 8”).
Slice peaches and place on bottom of dish, sprinkle fruit with Fruit-Fresh and lemon juice.
Mix above ingredients into a thick batter, spoon batter over peaches. Sprinkle 1 cup sugar over batter then ½ cup cold water over it.
Bake at 350 degrees for 45-60 minutes.
Note: Make sure your peaches are heaping in the baking dish, peaches will cook down during baking process.
Whether served warm with a scoop of homemade ice cream or enjoyed on its own, each bite of Naomi’s cobbler transports us to a simpler time, reminding us to cherish the moments we share with loved ones and to celebrate the beauty of life’s little pleasures. So, the next time you indulge in this delightful dessert, savor it not only for its delectable taste but also for the taste of tradition it brings to your heart and home.
